FILE EXTENSIONS

ABK	Corel Draw AutoBackup
ACL	Corel Draw 6 keyboard accelerator
ACM	Used by Windows in the system directory
ACP	Microsoft Office Assistant Preview file
ACT	Microsoft Office Assistant Actor file
ACV	OS/2 drivers that compress and decompress audio data
AD	After Dark screensaver
ADB	Appointment database used by HP 100LX organizer
ADD	OS/2 adapter drivers used in the boot process
ADM	After Dark MultiModule screensaver
ADP	Used by FaxWorks to do setup for fax modem interaction
ADR	After Dark Randomizer screensaver
AFM	Adobe font metrics
AF2	ABC Flowchart file
AF3	ABC Flowchart file
AI	Adobe Illustrator drawing
AIF	Apple Mac AIFF sound
ALB	JASC Image Commander album
ALL	Arts & Letters Library
AMS	Velvert Studio music module (MOD) file
ANC	Canon Computer Pattern Maker file that is a selectable list of pattern colors
ANI	Animated Cursor
ANS	ANSI text
API	Application Program Interface file; used by Adobe Acrobat
APR	Lotus Approach 97 file
APS	Microsoft Visual C++ file
ARC	LH ARC (old version) compressed archive
ARJ	Robert Jung ARJ compressed archive
ART	Xara Studio drawing
ART	Canon Crayola art file
ASA	Microsoft Visual InterDev file
ASC	ASCII text
ASD	WinWord AutoSave
ASM	Assembler language source file
ASP	Active Server Page (an HTML file containing a Microsoft server-processed script)
ASP	Procomm Plus setup and connection script
AST	Claris Works "assistant" file
ATT	AT&T Group 4 bitmap
AVI	Microsoft Video for Windows movie
AWD	FaxView document

 

BAK	Backup file
BAS	BASIC code
BAT	Batch file
BFC	Windows 95 Briefcase document
BG	Backgammon for Windows game
BI	Binary file
BIF	GroupWise initialization file
BIN	Binary file
BK	Sometimes used to denote backup versions
BK$	Also sometimes used to denote backup versions
BKS	An IBM BookManager Read bookshelf
BMK	An A bookmark file
BMP	Windows or OS/2 bitmap
BM1	Apogee BioMenace data file
BRX	A file for browsing an index of multimedia options
BSP	Quake map
BS1	Apogee Blake Stone data file
BTM	Batch file used by Norton Utilities
B4	Helix Nuts and Bolts file

 

C	C code
CAB	Microsoft cabinet file (program files compressed for software distribution)
CAL	CALS Compressed Bitmap
CAL	Calendar schedule data
CAS	Comma-delimited ASCII file
CAT	IntelliCharge categorization file used by Quicken
CB	Microsoft clean boot file
CCB	Visual Basic Animated Button configuration
CCF	Multimedia Viewer configuration file used in OS/2
CCH	Corel Chart
CCM	Lotus CC:Mail "box" (for example, INBOX.CCM)
CDA	CD Audio Track
CDF	Microsoft Channel Definition Format file
CDI	Phillips Compact Disk Interactive format
CDR	Core Draw drawing
CDT	Corel Draw template
CDX	Corel Draw compressed drawing
CEL	CIMFast Event Language file
CFB	Comptons Multimedia file
CFG	Configuration file
CGI	Common Gateway Interface script file
CGM	Computer Graphics Metafile
CH	OS/2 configuration file
CHK	File fragments saved by Windows Disk Defragmenter or ScanDisk
CHP	Ventura Publisher chapter
CIL	Clip Gallery download package
CIM	Sim City 200 file
CIN	OS/2 change control file that tracks changes to an INI file
CK1	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 1 data file
CK2	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 2 data file
CK3	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 3 data file
CK4	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 4 data file
CK5	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 5 data file
CK6	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 6 data file
CLASS	Java class
CLP	Windows Clipboard file
CLS	Visual Basic Class Module
CMD	Command file for Windows NT (similar to a DOS .BAT file)
CMD	DOS CP/M command file
CMD	dBase-II program file
CMF	Corel Metafile
CMP	JPEG Bitmap
CMP	Address document
CMV	Corel Move animation
CMX	Corel Presentation Exchange image
CNF	Configuration file used by Telnet, Windows, and other applications
CNM	Windows application menu options and setup file
CNQ	Compuworks Design Shop file
CNT	Windows (or other) system content files for the help index and other purposes
COB	trueSpace2 object
COD	Microsoft C compiler output as displayable assembler with original C as comments
COM	Command file (program)
CPD	Fax Cover document
CPE	Fax Cover document
CPI	Microsoft MS-DOS code page information file
CPL	Control Panel extension
CPL	Corel colour palette
CPP	C++ code
CPR	Corel Presents Presentation
CPT	Corel Photo-Paint image
CPX	Corel Presentation Exchange Compressed drawing
CRD	Cardfile file
CRP	Corel Presents Run-Time Presentation
CRT	Certificate file
CSC	Corel Script
CSP	PC Emcee On-Screen image
CSV	Comma-separated values file
CT	Scitex CT Bitmap
CTL	Used in general to mean a file containing control information.
CUE	Microsoft Cue Cards data
CUR	Windows Cursor
CUT	Dr Halo bitmap
CV	Corel Versions archive
CV	Microsoft CodeView information screen
CWK	Claris Works data file
CWS	Claris Works template
CXX	C++ source code file

 

DAT	Data file
DAT	WordPerfect Merge Data
DBF	Aston-Tate dBASE database
DBX	DataBeam image
DCR	Shockwave file
DCS	Desktop Color Separation file
DCX	Fax image (based on PCX)
DDF	BTRIEVE database
DEF	SmartWare II data file
DEF	C++ Definition
DER	Certificate file
DIB	Device-Independent Bitmap
DIC	Dictionary
DIF	Data Interchange Format spreadsheet
DIR	Macromedia Director file
DIZ	Description file
DLG	C++ Dialogue Script
DLL	Dynamic-Link Library
DMF	X-Trakker music module (MOD) file
DOC	FrameMaker or FrameBuilder document
DOC	WordStar document
DOC	WordPerfect document
DOC	Microsoft Word document
DOT	Microsoft Word document Template
DPR	Borland Delphi project header file
DRV	Driver
DRW	Micrografx Designer/Draw
DSG	DooM saved game
DSM	Dynamic Studio music module (MOD) file
DSP	Microsoft Developer Studio project
DSQ	Corel QUERY file
DSW	Microsoft Developer Studio workspace
DWG	AutoCAD drawing eXchange format
DXF	AutoDesk Drawing Interchange format

 

EMF	Enhanced Windows Metafile
ENC	Encore file
EPS	Encapsulated PostScript image
ER1	ERWin file
ERX	ERWin file
EVY	Envoy document
EWL	Microsoft Encarta document
EXE	Executable file (program)

 

F	FORTRAN file
F77	FORTRAN file
F90	FORTRAN file
FAR	Farandole Composer music module (MOD) file
FAV	Microsoft Outlook navigation bar
FAX	FAX Type image
FH3	Aldus Freehand 3 drawing
FIF	Fractal image file
FITS	CCD camera image
FLC	AutoDesk FLIC animation
FLI	AutoDesk FLIC animation
FLT	Corel filter
FLT	StarTrekker music module (MOD) file
FMB	Oracle binary source code for form, version 4.0 and later
FMT	Oracle text format of form, version 4.0 and later
FMT	Microsoft Schedule+ print file
FMX	Oracle executable form, version 4.0 and later
FOG	Fontographer font
FON	System font
FOR	FORTRAN file
FOT	Font-related file
FP	FileMaker Pro file
FP1	Flying Pigs for Windows data file
FP3	FileMaker Pro file
FPX	FlashPix bitmap
FRM	Form
FRM	FrameMaker or FrameBuilder document
FRM	Oracle executable form version 3.0 and earlier
FRM	Visual Basic form
FRM	WordPerfect Merge form
FRX	Visual Basic form stash file

 

GAL	Corel Multimedia Manager album
GCP	Ground Control Point file used in image processing of remote sensing data .
GED	Graphic Environment Document (drawing)
GEM	GEM metafile
GEN	Ventura-Generated text file
GFC	Patton&Patton Flowcharting 4 flowchart file
GFI	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GFX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GID	Windows 95 global index file (containing help status)
GIF	CompuServe bitmap
GIM	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GIX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GNA	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GNX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GRA	Microsoft Graph
GRD	Grid file, used in image processing of remote sensing data often to form map projections.
GRP	Program Manager Group
GTK	Graoumftracker (old) music module (MOD) file
GT2	Graoumftracker (new) music module (MOD) file
GWX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GWZ	Genigraphics Graphics Link pres

 

H	C program header
HED	HighEdit document
HEL	Microsoft Hellbender saved game
HEX	Macintosh BinHex 2.0 file
HGL	HP Graphics Language drawing
HLP	Help file
HOG	Lucas Arts Dark Forces WAD file
HPJ	Visual Basic Help Project
HPP	C++ program header
HQX	Macintosh BinHex 4.0 file
HST	History file
HT	HyperTerminal
HTM	Hypertext document
HTML	Hypertext document
HTX	Extended HTML template

 

ICA	Citrix file
ICB	Targa bitmap
ICM	Image Color Matching profile file
ICO	Windows Icon
IDD	MIDI Instrument Definition
IDQ	Internet Data Query file
IFF	Amiga ILBM
IGF	Inset Systems metafile
IIF	QuickBooks for Windows interchange file
IMA	WinImage file
IMG	GEM image
INC	Assembler language or Active Server include file
INF	Information file
INI	Initialization file
INP	Oracle source code for form, version 3.0 and earlier
INS	InstallShield install script
INS	X-Internet sign-up file
ISO	Lists the files on a CD-ROM; based on the ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system standard
ISP	X-Internet sign-up file
ISU	InstallShield uninstall script
IT	Impulse Tracker music module (MOD) file
IW	Idlewild screensaver

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SHORTCUTS USED IN RUN COMMAND

SHORTCUTS USED IN RUN COMMAND 1. Accessibility Controls - access.cpl 2. Accessibility Wizard - accwiz 3. Add Hardware Wizard - hdwwiz.cpl 4. Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl 5. Administrative Tools - control admintools 6. Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl 7. Bluetooth Transfer Wizard - fsquirt 8. Calculator - calc 9. Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc 10. Character Map - charmap 11. Check Disk Utility - chkdsk 12. Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd 13. Command Prompt - cmd 14. Component Services - dcomcnfg 15. Computer Management - compmgmt.msc 16. Control Panel - control 17. Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl 18. DDE Shares - ddeshare 19. Device Manager - devmgmt.msc 20. Direct X Troubleshooter - dxdiag 21. Disk Cleanup Utility - cleanmgr 22. Disk Defragment - dfrg.msc 23. Disk Management - diskmgmt.msc 24. Disk Partition Manager - diskpart 25. Display Properties - control desktop 26. Display Properties - desk.cpl 27. Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility - drwtsn32 28. Driver Verifier Utility - verifier 29. Event Viewer - eventvwr.msc 30. Files and Settings Transfer Tool - migwiz 31. File Signature Verification Tool - sigverif 32. Findfast - findfast.cpl 33. Firefox - firefox 34. Folders Properties - control folders 35. Fonts - control fonts 36. Fonts Folder - fonts 37. Free Cell Card Game - freecell 38. Game Controllers - joy.cpl 39. Group Policy Editor (for xp professional) - gpedit.msc 40. Hearts Card Game - mshearts 41. Help and Support - helpctr 42. HyperTerminal - hypertrm 43. Iexpress Wizard - iexpress 44. Indexing Service - ciadv.msc 45. Internet Connection Wizard - icwconn1 46. Internet Explorer - iexplore 47. Internet Properties - inetcpl.cpl 48. Keyboard Properties - control keyboard 49. Local Security Settings - secpol.msc 50. Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc 51. Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff 52. Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt 53. Microsoft Chat - winchat 54. Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk 55. Microsoft Paint - mspaint 56. Microsoft Syncronization Tool – mobsync 57. Minesweeper Game - winmine 58. Mouse Properties - control mouse 59. Mouse Properties - main.cpl 60. Netmeeting - conf 61. Network Connections - control netconnections 62. Network Connections - ncpa.cpl 63. Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl 64. Notepad notepad 65. Object Packager - packager 66. ODBC Data Source Administrator - odbccp32.cpl 67. On Screen Keyboard - osk 68. Outlook Express - msimn 69. Paint - pbrush 70. Password Properties - password.cpl 71. Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc 72. Performance Monitor - perfmon 73. Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl 74. Phone Dialer - dialer 75. Pinball Game - pinball 76. Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl 77. Printers and Faxes - control printers 78. Printers Folder - printers 79. Regional Settings - intl.cpl 80. Registry Editor - regedit 81. Registry Editor - regedit32 82. Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone 83. Remote Desktop - mstsc 84. Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc 85. Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc 86. Resultant Set of Policy (for xp professional) - rsop.msc 87. Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl 88. Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks 89. Security Center - wscui.cpl 90. Services - services.msc 91. Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc 92. Shuts Down Windows - shutdown 93. Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl 94. Spider Solitare Card Game - spider 95. SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg 96. System Configuration Editor - sysedit 97. System Configuration Utility - msconfig 98. System Information - msinfo32 99. System Properties - sysdm.cpl 100. Task Manager – taskmgr

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SOME MAJOR PROBLEMS IN SYSTEM

1. MONITOR LED IS BLINKING
Check all the connections like Monitor Cable, Data cables, RAM, Display Card , CPU connections.

2. CONTINUOS THREE BEEPS
Problem in RAM Connection.

3. THREE BEEPS (1 Long 2 Short)
Problem in Display Card Connection

4. THREE LONG BEEPS PERIOD WISE
Problem in BIOS or RAM (Basic Input Output System)

5. CONTINUOS NON-STOP BEEPING
Key Board Problem (I.e.; Some Key is pressed for Longer time)

6. FDD LED IS GLOWING CONTINUOSLY
Data cable to be connected properly (twisted cable).

7. NO DISPLAY ON THE SCREEN AT ALL
Hard Disk cable connected wrongly. Connect rightly seeing the Red mark (Faces power supply) and then Restart.

8. POWER LED IS OFF
a. Check main power cord
b. Check S.M.P.S.
c. Check Mother Board connection

9. SHOWING CMOS ERROR
Replace 3 Volt battery of Mother Board. Set Original Settings Manually.(Refer CMOS Setup chart)
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10. SHOWING FDD ERROR OR FLOPPY DRIVE IS NOT WORKING PROPERLY
Check Power cords of FDD, Data Cables; set CMOS & Finally the Check drive.

11. SHOWING HDD ERROR OR HARD DISK FAILURE
a. Check Power Cord
b. Check connection of HDD
c. Check Data cable
d. Check Hard Disk parameters in CMOS or Auto detecting Setting Partitions by Fdisk Command, then format it to set track 0.


12. MOTHER BOARD HANGS DUE TO UNSTABILIZED POWER SUPPLY
a. Check S.M.P.S
b. RAM not functioning properly.
c. Software problem (due to using pirated software)
d. CPU fan not functioning properly.

13. DANCING SCREEN
a. Check Display card connection
b. Virus Problem
c. Video Memory Problem

14. SHAKING SCREEN
a. Earthing problem
b. Magnetic waves comes around.

15. CPU CABINET SHOCK
a. Check Earthing
b. Check main power cord.

16. NON-SYSTEM DISK ERROR
a. Floppy Drive having different disk (Non-Bootable Disk) OR CMOS Parameters for Hard Disk may not be set properly.
b. Hard Disk Partitions may not be created.
c. Hard Disk may not be formatted.

7. MISSING OPERATING SYSTEM
The System files missing namely Ie; command.com} - User File IO.SYS & MS_DOS.SYS } - Hidden Files. These above three files required for Start up of the system that can be transferred by using SYS C: Command OR While the time of formatting by using Format c:/u/s

18. MISSING COMMAND INTERPRETOR
May the file Command.com is corrupted OR Infected by Virus OR Some one has Erased it.

19. SHOWING I/O ERROR
a. The type of Hard Disk in CMOS may not be set properly.
b. Operating system used for formatting is not valid

20. SHOWING DIVIDE OVER- FLOW MESSAGE
a. May some Directories or Files crash with other files.
b. Use CHKDSK/F or SCANDISK Command to correct it.


21. HARD DISK MAKING NOISE WHILE PROCESSING
a. Unstabilized power supply.
b. Check for Loose Contact.
c. Do not use Y Connectors for Hard Disk.
d. It may create Bad Sector OR Weak Hard Disk.

22. HARD DISK HANGS WHILE PROCESSING
Check for Bad Sector by using CHKDSK or SCANDISK Command. If found format the Hard Disk and set Partition before that area.(This is the only procedure to use Hard Disk with Bad Sector) OR (To avoid Bad Sectors use Standard Power Supply)

23. HARD DISK NOT DETECTED
a. Check Power Connector
b. Check Data Cables
c. Check Jumpers

24. PARTITION NOT SHOWN
Operating System where the Hard Disk formatted is not supported with present Mother Board. For Eg: Hard Disk formatted with Pentium System will hide their partitions for 486 System.

25. MMX/DLL FILE MISSING
May the above files may be corrupted due to power failure or Virus. Make available above files from other Computer. OR Reinstall Windows 98 Operating System. (This procedure will not make any effect on existing Data).

26. WINDOWS REGISTRY ERROR
This will happen due to sudden ON/OFF of the system. Final solution is to Reinstall Operating System.

27. DISPLAY COLOUR DOES NOT MATCH
a. Configure Display Card properly with their CD.
b. The Standard setting for Windows is set it to 800x600 for better performance.

28. UNKNOWN DEVICE FOUND
May the Driver utility is not provided with operating system . Insert Driver CD and install software for the above Device. (Every Device requires driver utility to set active).

Have Your Private Folder!

A computer may not be utilised by the same one person, throughout. There might be a time where many users would make use of the same PC. So there leaves the doors open for the outsiders to peep into your personal files and folders. So here we provide some details, how to make your folder private. This would make your personal data secure from the outsiders, or multiple users.

Please follow the following steps and you could have your own private folder:

* Open My Computer, by clicking on the My Computer Icon on the Desktop, or use the shortcut key combination Windows + E.
* Now make a double click on the drive where you have stored the Windows Application. Usually many users make use of the C: drive to store the Windows application file.
* If the contents of the drive are found to be hidden, under the Systems Task, make a click on the Show the contents of this drive.
* Now select the Documents and Settings Folder. Double click the user folder.
* Now right click any of the folder, or the folder which you need to be privatized. From the pop-up menu that appears, select the Properties option.
* Under the Sharing Tab, select the “Make this folder private” check box.

Local Settings Properties Dialog Box!
REMEMBER:

1. See to it that, the option of privatizing the folder is available to those that have been included to your user profile.
2. Folders in the user profile refer to the My Documents, and its subsequent sub-folders, Desktop, Start Menu, Cookies and Favorites.
3. It is to be noted that making a folder private refers to privatizing the sub-folders of the privatized folder. For instance, if you make the My Documents as private, you would privatize its subfolders like My Pictures and My Music, and other folders in it.
4. You cannot privatize any of your folders, unless your drive is not formatted as NTFS.

Have your personal data for yourself, instead of leaking it to all surrounding you. Lead a secured life.

Keep Your Keyboard Clean!

The computer has many parts that gets dirty very soon. The most prone to the dirt is the Keyboard. The main reason could be the gaps that could be seen between each and evry keys on it. Cleaning the surface of the is too simple task.

The main requirements are a little cloth, dry cloth or duster, suitable cleaning fluid (isopropyl alcohol), cotton buds, Can of compressed air or vacuum cleaner and Flat tip screwdriver (optional for thorough clean).

Follow the given steps to keep your keyboard clean and neat.

* Shut down your PC. Unplug all the wires to the CPU. Most importantly, unplug the keyboard socket.
* Hold the keyboad upside down, so that the presence of any wreckage in between the gaps of the keys would fall down.
* Now take a cotton bud, and do put a couple of drops of cleaning fluid onto it, and then make use of it to clean the sides of the keys.
* Take a hair free cloth after you cleaned the sides of the keys. Then humidify it with a few drops of the cleaning fluid.
* Give the surface of the keyboard a good wipe over using the cloth to trace the outline of the keys.
* After this take a dry cloth, and make a wipe over again onto the keyboard.

Now you would see a clean and a neat keyboard

REMEMBER:

Basic Shortcut Keys!

• CTRL+C (Copy)
• CTRL+X (Cut)
• CTRL+V (Paste)
• CTRL+Z (Undo)
• DELETE (Delete)
• SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
• CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
• CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
• F2 key (Rename the selected item)
• CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
• CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
• CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
• CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
• CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
• SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
• CTRL+A (Select all)
• F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
• ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
• ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
• ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
• CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
• ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
• ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
• F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
• F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
• SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
• CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
• ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
• Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
• F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
• RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
• LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
• F5 key (Update the active window)
• BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
• ESC (Cancel the current task)
• SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

• Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
• Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
• Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
• Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
• Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
• Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
• Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
• CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
• Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
• Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
• Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
• Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)



Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts

• Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
• SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
• NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
• Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager).



Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

• CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
• CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
• TAB (Move forward through the options)
• SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
• ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
• ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
• SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
• Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
• F1 key (Display Help)
• F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
• BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)



Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

• END (Display the bottom of the active window)
• HOME (Display the top of the active window)
• NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
• NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
• NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
• LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
• RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)


Shortcut Keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

• RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
• LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
• UP ARROW (Move up one row)
• DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
• PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
• PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
• HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
• END (Move to the end of the line)
• CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
• CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
• SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)



Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation

• CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
• CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
• CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
• CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
• CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
• CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
• CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
• CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
• CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
• CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
• CTRL+W (Close the current window)



Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

• CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
• CTRL+N (Open a new console)
• CTRL+S (Save the open console)
• CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
• CTRL+W (Open a new window)
• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
• ALT+F4 (Close the console)
• ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
• ALT+V (Display the View menu)
• ALT+F (Display the File menu)
• ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)



MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

• CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
• ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
• SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
• F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
• CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
• CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
• ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
• F2 key (Rename the selected item)
• CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)



Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

• CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
• ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
• ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
• ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
• ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
• CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
• ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
• CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
• CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Thousand of sites affect Flash vulnerabilities!

There is some news around that the more than 1000sites affect some unwanted vulnerabilities. According to the Google designers and researchers the unwanted vulnerabilities have come from flash content. This makes most of the sites subjected to risks. Removing all the vulnerabilities is not an easy task but it is possible by merging through website directories for finding the SWF files. After finding such files you have to check each and every file separately.

You may heard about the search had more than 500000 vulnerabilities contents in different companies, media and Government sites. Most of the sites uses flash content and it will be hard to find such vulnerabilities in sites.

Stay Safe from Internet!

Internet, being one of the most beautiful aspects of man’s life in today’s era, has many things that would keep a man going without getting bored. Children enjoy surfing on the net, by playing on-line games, and going through certain interresting facts, that would be very useful for him in his life.

As a coin has two faces, the same, is the case of Internet. As there is the smilaing face of Internet, it also persists an another dangerous face. Many kaids love to browse the net, but certain websites, provide such unwanted things that would keep worrying any parent.

The Chat Rooms have always been a jeopardy and the main cause of concern for a long span of time, with adults posing as young children and chatting to unsuspecting kids, and in extreme cases trying to organise secret meetings with the child. Things are changing slowly and a lot of chat rooms have started to monitor these type of sites more closely, but unfortunately not everyone is following suit. The biggest problem with Chat Rooms is that they are generally mysterious so the person to whom they are chatting to may not be who they say they are.

There are some general help guidelines that your kids could follow to make their online chatting safer:

* Stay mysterious, they should use a nickname while online, and never reveal their real name.
* Never tell anyone where they live, not even if they have been chatting to the person for a long period of time.
* Never tell anyone what institution they go to.
* Never give out contact numbers.
* Never agree to meet someone without a parent present, and ensure the person they are going to meet knows a parent will be accompanying them.
* Tell an adult if anything strange happens or anything is said to them that makes them feel uncomfortable.
* Introduce yourself in the chat room to their online friends, especially if your child wants to meet them.

Websites with explicit images are another problem that children may be exposed to, a few of these websites have an initial warning on their homepage alerting the user to the fact that the site contains this sort of material, but seldom sites do so.

Another major worry for a parent is spam email containing explicit images, most of this type of spam gets sent from countries where any type of law is not easily enforced and therefore the culprits can go on sending, hopefully one day we will see the end of this type of marketing but unfortunately at the moment it is here to stay. A lot of email providers offer spam protection, but unfortunately most are not 100% acceptable or reliable, one of the best defences against this type of email is by using specialised software that restricts access to certain types of email, and by restricting any images that may be unsuitable for your child.

How to get more traffic through StumbleUpon!

Building traffic is more essential for a site, if a site wants to go at higher level it needs more traffic. No one will come and promote your site if you are not having any traffic to your site it is clear that your site is not going to come forward. If you had a StumbleUpon you can view the best viewed sites on your web and it will helps you to do search for the attention-grabbing web.Those who wants more traffic can follow these instructions:

* Ask your readers to install StumbleUpon tool bar for increasing your number of pages for “Thumbs Up”

* If you are in StumbleUpon community you can easily come to conclusion for which contents the viewers are interested.

* Suddenly if you see a word Shocking? or Secret? Your heart will make you to read those contents. The readers and visitors mind will urge to read those contents from those websites.

* Always put the StumbleUpon code on each and every page of your site don’t repeat to StumbleUpon all the pages by your side.

* Make your friends by making Thumbs up to your site and you also did the same to your friend.

* Some of the website owners may have owned different websites so that sites should be linked together.

* Make as many as friends in StumbleUpon which will make you to build traffic.

* Another important thing is if you make some effective viral marketing which will make you more traffic to your sites. You can give free flash game which more number of visitor’s will approach you.

* If you give the readers and visitors good contents and the content should be instructive and simple to understand for the user.

Start adding StumbleUpon you can easily got many traffic by using the above steps and become a most popular site with more traffics.